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1994-05-02
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<text>
<title>
Bosnia and Hercegovina: Economy
</title>
<article><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Economy</hdr><body>
<p>Overview: Bosnia and Herzegovina ranked next to Macedonia as
the poorest republic in the old Yugoslav federation. Although
agriculture has been almost all in private hands, farms have
been small and inefficient, and the republic traditionally has
been a net importer of food. Industry has been greatly
overstaffed, one reflection of the rigidities of Communist
central planning and management. Tito had pushed the development
of military industries in the republic with the result that
Bosnia hosted a large share of Yugoslavia's defense plants. As
of March 1993, Bosnia and Herzegovina was being torn apart by
the continued bitter interethnic warfare that has caused
production to plummet, unemployment and inflation to soar, and
human misery to multiply. No reliable economic statistics for
1992 are available, although output clearly fell below the
already depressed 1991 level.
</p>
<p>National product: GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $14
billion (1991 est.)
</p>
<p>National product real growth rate: -37% (1991 est.)
</p>
<p>National product per capita: $3,200 (1991 est.)
</p>
<p>Inflation rate (consumer prices): 80% per month (1991)
</p>
<p>Unemployment rate: 28% (February 1992 est.)
</p>
<p>Budget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital
expenditures of $NA
</p>
<list>
<l>Exports: $2,054 million (1990)</l>
<l> commodities: manufactured goods 31%, machinery and transport
equipment 20.8%, raw materials 18%, miscellaneous manufactured
articles 17.3%, chemicals 9.4%, fuel and lubricants 1.4%, food
and live animals 1.2%</l>
<l> partners: principally the other former Yugoslav
republics</l>
<l>Imports: $1,891 million (1990)</l>
<l> commodities: fuels and lubricants 32%, machinery and
transport equipment 23.3%, other manufactures 21.3%, chemicals
10%, raw materials 6.7%, food and live animals 5.5%, beverages
and tobacco 1.9%</l>
<l> partners: principally the other former Yugoslav
republics</l>
</list>
<p>External debt: $NA
</p>
<p>Industrial production: growth rate NA%, but production is
sharply down because of interethnic and interrepublic warfare
(1991-92)
</p>
<p>Electricity: 3,800,000 kW capacity; 7,500 million kWh
produced, 1,700 kWh per capita (1992)
</p>
<p>Industries: steel production, mining (coal, iron ore, lead,
zinc, manganese, and bauxite), manufacturing (vehicle assembly,
textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, 40% of former
Yugoslavia's armaments including tank and aircraft assembly,
domestic appliances), oil refining
</p>
<p>Agriculture: accounted for 9.0% of GDP in 1989; regularly
produces less than 50% of food needs; the foothills of northern
Bosnia support orchards, vineyards, livestock, and some wheat
and corn; long winters and heavy precipitation leach soil
fertility reducing agricultural output in the mountains; farms
are mostly privately held, small, and not very productive
</p>
<p>Illicit drugs: NA
</p>
<p>Economic aid: $NA
</p>
<p>Currency: Croatian dinar used in ethnic Croat areas,
"Yugoslav" dinar used in all other areas
</p>
<p>Exchange rates: NA
</p>
<p>Fiscal year: calendar year
</p></body></article></text>